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adverbios de modo by kittycow

ADVERBIOS DE MODO

Voz Activa y Voz Pasiva

EXPLICASION DE VOZ PASIVA Y VOZ ACTIVA

Oraciones activas y pasivas from mrmaldana

VOZ ACTIVA Y VOZ PASIVA

VOZ ACTIVA Y PASIVA: REGLAS PRACTICAS EN 4 PASOS.

1. La voz pasiva se forma con el verbo to be conjugado más el participio del verbo principal. En inglés es mucho más frecuente que en español y, normalmente, aparece cuando no es importante quien realiza una acción sino el hecho en sí. Por eso, no siempre que veamos una pasiva, tenemos que traducirlo literalmente, puesto que en español suena más forzado. Sólo es posible el uso de la voz pasiva con verbos transitivos (verbos que llevan complemento directo).

VOZ ACTIVA Tom writes a letter Tom is writing a letter Tom was writing a letter Tom wrote a letter Tom has written a letter Tom had written a letter Tom will write a letter Tom is going to write a letter Tom can write a letter Tom could write a letter Tom must write a letter Tom may write a letter Tom might write a letter

VOZ PASIVAA letter is written by Tom A letter is being written by Tom A letter was being written by Tom A letter was written by Tom A letter has been written by Tom A letter had been written by Tom A letter will be written by Tom A letter is going to be written by Tom A letter can be written by Tom A letter could be written by Tom A letter must be written by Tom A letter may be written... A letter might be written...

2. El sujeto agente se expresa con by. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de las ocasiones se prescinde del sujeto ya que no nos interesa saber quién exactamente ejecuta la acción. Si una oración activa tiene complemento directo e indirecto, cualquiera de los dos complementos puede ser sujeto paciente de la pasiva: ACTIVE: Someone gives me a dog PASSIVE 1: A dog is given to me PASSIVE 2: I am given a dog (forma pasiva idiomática) La forma pasiva de doing, seeing, etc es being done, being seen, etc. ACTIVE: I don't like people telling me what to do PASSIVE: I don't like being told what to do En ocasiones en las que ocurre algo a veces imprevisto, no planeado o fortuito para la formación de la voz pasiva se prefiere usar get y no be: get hurt, get annoyed, get divorced, get married, get invited, get bored, get lost

3. Las construcciones impersonales (se dice, se comenta, etc.) son muy típicas de la pasiva y difíciles de traducir para los hispanoparlantes. Este tipo de construcción pasiva -utilizada cada vez con mayor frecuencia en los medios- se forma con la estructura sujeto + to be + participle: It is reported (Se informa); It is said (Se dice); It is known (Se sabe); It is supposed (Se supone); It is considered (Se considera); It is expected (Se espera). Veamos algunos ejemplos: ACTIVE: Everybody thinks Cathy works very hard.  PASSIVE 1: Cathy is thought to work very hard. (Se piensa que Cathy...) PASSIVE 2: It is thought that Cathy works very hard. (Se piensa que Cathy...) ACTIVE: They believe Tom is wearing a white pullover. PASSIVE 1: Tom is believed to be wearing a white pullover. (Se cree que...) PASSIVE 2: It is believed that Tom is wearing a white pullover. (Se cree que...)

4. USOS ADICIONALES DE SUPPOSEa) Se usa en afirmativo para acciones que estaban planeadas, que se supone que van a realizar, u obligaciones que uno debería cumplir. You were supposed to be here at 9:00 am!! b) Otras veces, el uso de supposed indica que estos planes o obligaciones finalmente no se cumplieron: The train was supposed to arrive at 5 o'clock. (but it arrived at 8 o'clock) You were supposed to go to the supermarket. (but you didn't go) c) Por el contrario, en negativo, supposed significa la no conveniencia o prohibición de hacer algo: You are not supposed to smoke here. (you are not allowed to smoke here) You are not supposed to copy our web files. (you must not copy our web files)

EJERCICIOS DE REPORTED SPEECH

MIXED EXERCISE 1

 He said, "I like this song."
He said that he liked that song.

  "Where is your sister?" she asked me.
She asked me where my sister was.

  "I don't speak Italian," she said.
  She said that she didn't speak Italian.

  "Say hello to Jim," they said.
  They asked me to say hello to Jim.

  "The film began at seven o'clock," he said.
  He said that the film had begun at seven o'clock.

  "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.
  She told the boys not to play on the grass.

  "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him.
  She asked him where he had spent his money.

  "I never make mistakes," he said.
  He said that he never made mistakes.

  "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know.
  He wanted to know if she knew Robert.

  "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience.
  The stuntman advised the audience not to try that at home.

MIXED EXERCISE 2

  

 "I was very tired," she said.
 She said that she had been very tired.

 "Be careful, Ben," she said.
 She told Ben to be careful.

  "I will get myself a drink," she says.
 She says that she will get herself a drink.

  "Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me.
 He wondered why I hadn't phoned him.

  "I cannot drive them home," he said.
 He said that he could not drive them home.

  "Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says.
 She asks Peter if he prefers tea or coffee.

  "Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me.
 She asked me where I had spent my holidays the year before.

  He said, "Don't go too far."
 He advised her not to go too far.

  "Have you been shopping?" he asked us.
 He wanted to know if we had been shopping.

  "Don't make so much noise," he says.
 He asks us not to make so much noise.

EXPLICACION DE REPORT SPEECH

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REPORT SPEACH

Columna1	Columna2
Direct speech	Indirect speech
present simple	>past simple
she said, its,s cold	she said Its was cold
present continuous	>past continuous
she said. I,m teaching english online	she said she was teaching english online
present perfec simple	>past perfect simple
she said. I,ve been on the web since 1999	she said she had bee on the web since 1999
Present perfec continuous	>past perfect continuous
she said. I,ve teaching english for seven years	she said she and bee teaching english for seven years
Past simple	>past perfect
she said. I taught online yesterday	she said she had taught online yesterday
Past continuous	>past perfect continuous
she said. I was teaching earlier	she said shes had bee teaching earlier
past perfect	>past perfec
she said. The lesson had already  started when he arrived	NO CHANGE - she said the lesson had already been teaching for five minutes
Past perfect continuous	>past perfect continuous
she said. I,d already been teaching for five minutes	NO CHANGE - she said she,d already been teaching for five minutes
modal verb forms also sometimes chanse
will	>wold
she said. I,ll teach english online tomorrow	she said she would teach englis online tomorrow
can	>could
she said. I can teach english online	she said she could teach english online
must	>had to
she said. I muts have a computer to teach english online	she said she had to have a computer to teach english online
shall	>should
she said. What shall we learn today?	she asked what we should learn today
may	>might
she said. May I open a new browser?	she asked ifshe might  open a new browser
note- there is no change to  could, would, should, might and ought to